Wilbert Tabone; Happee, Riender; Yang, Yue; Sadraei, Ehsan; Jorge Garcia de Pedro et. al. (2024): Supplementary data for the paper 'Immersive Insights: Evaluating Augmented Reality Interfaces for Pedestrians in a CAVE-Based Experiment'. Version 1. 4TU.ResearchData. dataset. https://doi.org/10.4121/36b088db-cc3d-45c8-9b9e-8cbc614b74aa.v1

Dataset

x choose version: version 2 - 2024-07-11 (latest)

• Other Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
• Ground Transport
• Automotive Engineering
• Engineering
• Transport
• Psychology and Cognitive Sciences

augmented reality, automated vehicles, CAVE-based simulator, eye-tracking, pedestrian-vehicle interaction

CC BY 4.0

RefWorks, BibTeX, Reference Manager, Endnote, DataCite, NLM, DC, CFF

by Wilbert Tabone , Riender Happee , Yue Yang , Ehsan Sadraei , Jorge Garcia de Pedro , Yee Mun Lee , Natasha Merat , Joost de Winter

Introduction: Augmented reality (AR) has been increasingly studied in transportation, particularly for drivers and pedestrians interacting with automated vehicles (AVs). Previous research evaluated AR interfaces using online video-based questionnaires but lacked human-subject research in immersive environments. This study examined if prior online evaluations of nine AR interfaces could be replicated in an immersive virtual environment and if AR design effectiveness depends on pedestrian attention allocation. Methods: Thirty participants completed 120 trials in a CAVE-based simulator with yielding and non-yielding AVs, rating interface intuitiveness and crossing the road when feeling safe. To emulate visual distraction, participants had to look into an attention-attractor circle that disappeared 1 s after the interface appeared. Results: The results showed that intuitiveness ratings from the current CAVE-based study and the previous online study correlated strongly (r ≈ 0.90). Head-locked interfaces and familiar designs (augmented traffic lights, zebra crossing) yielded higher intuitiveness scores and quicker crossing initiations than vehicle-locked interfaces. Vehicle-locked interfaces were less effective when the attention-attractor was on the environment’s opposite side, while head-locked interfaces were relatively unaffected by attention-attractor position. Discussion: In conclusion, this ‘AR in VR’ study shows strong congruence between intuitiveness ratings in a CAVE-based study and online research, and demonstrates the importance of interface placement in relation to user gaze direction.

• 2024-07-08 first online, published, posted

4TU.ResearchData

script/m; data/mat; data/xlsx; data/txt; data/docx; survey/pdf; information/docx

Immersive insights: Evaluating augmented reality interfaces for pedestrians in a CAVE-based experiment

Department of Cognitive Robotics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology,
Delft, Netherlands
Institute for Transport Studies, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom