"Missing Penalty Kicks: An fNIRS Study" Dataset

-- Introduction --
This is the underlying dataset for the published article entitled "Exploring the Brain Activity Related to Missing Penalty Kicks: an fNIRS Study" in Frontiers in Computer Science (doi: 10.3389/fcomp.2021.661466), regarding functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurement during a soccer penalty kick task.

Data consists of three parts.

1. PerformanceData.xlsx: This file contains information of experimental results of each task execution, which is a penalty kick. Besides, the scores in the sport anxiety scale (SAS) reported in each round are also included.

2. MetaData.xlsx: This file contains information of fNIRS measurement, especially on the settings used during the experiment, such as sampling frequency, light source wavelengths, and most importantly the header of each column in the data files. Specifically, Column 1 corresponds to instance running number, Columns 2-37 correspond to channels which are layouted in the description below, and Column 38 stores event markers.

3. Data files which are named: PXX_RYY.csv. Hereby, XX coresponds to participant ID and YY corresponds to the round of task execution. The column description can be found in the MetatData file.

-- Methodology --
The data is the recording of fNIRS in soccer penalty kicking tasks. Twenty-two participants were recruited and asked to perform a penalty kick for three rounds. Each round consists of five kicks and preceeded by 15-second resting period. Before executing each kick, the participant needed to stand still as marked as "Pn" marker, where "n" corresponds to the order of kick (from1 to 5). When the experimenter signaled the kick, as marked as "Gn" marker, the participant can start running and kicking, which is succeeded by "Sn" or the stopping marker.

Artinis Brite 24 was used to record oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) in each channel at a sampling rate of 10 Hz. The Brite 24 is a portable and wireless device that allows flexibility in fNIRS optode placement with a total of 10 transmitter optodes and 8 receiver optodes. Numerous templates are available to arrange these optodes, and the standard '4x4+2' template of Artinis was used in this experiment. OxySoft, which is proprietary software developed by Artinis, was used to record and transform fNIRS signals, which are then transformed into CSV files using Python.

-- Data specific information --
Description of table header of PerformanceData can be found in the file. Missing data is represented as '-'.
The header of Data files are described in the MetaData file. In particular, Rxn - Txm HHb refers to the pair of receiver "n" and transmitter "m". The layout of receiver and transmitter placement can be found in the article. Hereby, we list the links between columns and channel ID found in the article.

Motor cortex HHb = columns 2,4,6 = channels 1,2,3 (channel 4 is discarded) in the article
Motor cortex O2Hb = columns 3,5,7 = channels 1,2,3 (channel 4 is discarded) in the article
Right prefrontal cortex HHb = columns 10,12,14,16 = channels 5,6,7,8 in the article
Right prefrontal cortex O2Hb = columns 11,13,15,17 = channels 5,6,7,8 in the article
Left prefrontal cortex HHb = columns 18,20,24 = channels 9,10,12 (channel 11 is discarded) in the article
Left prefrontal cortex O2Hb = columns 19,21,25 = channels 9,10,12 (channel 11 is discarded) in the article
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex HHb = columns 34,36 = channels 17,18 in the article
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex O2Hb = columns 35,37 = channels 17,18 in the article
Left temporal cortex HHb = columns 26,28,30,32 = channels 13,14,15,16 in the article
Left temporal cortex O2Hb = columns 27,29,31,33 = channels 13,14,15,16 in the article

fNIR signals are measured as haemodynamic responses in micromol (µMol).

-- Licence --
CC0

-- Contact --
-- Please contact Nattapong Thammasan (n.thammasan@utwente.nl, nat.thammasan@gmail.com) should you have questions.