Treatments

Main crop and green manure

Treatment Year2019 Year2020&2021 Year2022
Main Spring wheat Spring Barley Potato
Mixture annual mixture Peronnial mixture (until end of 2021) -
Fibrous root sudan grass Tall fescue & english ryegrass (until end of 2021) -
Taproot fodder radish Lucerne (until end of 2021) -

Mechanical treatment

Mechanical treatment
SS Subsoiling
SB Small boreholes
LB Large boreholes
Ref Untreated

The data

Boxplots of penetration resistance per 10cm, 2021-2022

Line graphs 2021

Line graphs 2021-2022

Results per 5 cm 2021

Depth 0-5 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##              Sum Sq  Df F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept)  3.1507   1 53.7343 5.415e-12 ***
## treatment    0.0625   2  0.5333    0.5875    
## blok         0.1138   3  0.6472    0.5856    
## blok:baan    0.2423   8  0.5165    0.8433    
## Residuals   11.8442 202                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots  0.406 0.0285 202    0.350    0.463
##  Mixture        0.421 0.0285 202    0.365    0.477
##  Taproots       0.448 0.0285 202    0.391    0.504
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture   -0.0144 0.0404 202  -0.356  0.9327
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots  -0.0411 0.0404 202  -1.017  0.5667
##  Mixture - Taproots        -0.0267 0.0404 202  -0.662  0.7858
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 6-10 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##             Sum Sq  Df  F value  Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 9.1538   1 924.0344 < 2e-16 ***
## treatment   0.0626   2   3.1576 0.04509 *  
## blok        0.0101   3   0.3397 0.79664    
## blok:baan   0.1727   8   2.1790 0.03147 *  
## Residuals   1.6445 166                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots  0.838 0.0128 166    0.812    0.863
##  Mixture        0.874 0.0128 166    0.849    0.900
##  Taproots       0.879 0.0128 166    0.854    0.905
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture  -0.03694 0.0182 166  -2.033  0.1075
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots -0.04172 0.0182 166  -2.296  0.0592
##  Mixture - Taproots       -0.00477 0.0182 166  -0.263  0.9627
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 11-15 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##              Sum Sq  Df   F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 13.3914   1 1285.6608 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.0994   2    4.7711 0.0096670 ** 
## blok         0.0103   3    0.3283 0.8048792    
## blok:baan    0.2960   8    3.5520 0.0007978 ***
## Residuals    1.7291 166                        
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots  0.976 0.0132 166    0.950     1.00
##  Mixture        1.032 0.0132 166    1.006     1.06
##  Taproots       0.992 0.0132 166    0.966     1.02
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture   -0.0558 0.0186 166  -2.996  0.0088
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots  -0.0158 0.0186 166  -0.848  0.6737
##  Mixture - Taproots         0.0400 0.0186 166   2.148  0.0834
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 16-20 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##              Sum Sq  Df   F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 12.7470   1 1408.1532 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.0752   2    4.1535   0.01737 *  
## blok         0.0812   3    2.9909   0.03259 *  
## blok:baan    0.3693   8    5.0995 1.093e-05 ***
## Residuals    1.5027 166                        
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   1.02 0.0123 166    0.996     1.04
##  Mixture         1.04 0.0123 166    1.013     1.06
##  Taproots        1.07 0.0123 166    1.045     1.09
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture   -0.0169 0.0174 166  -0.975  0.5934
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots  -0.0493 0.0174 166  -2.836  0.0141
##  Mixture - Taproots        -0.0323 0.0174 166  -1.861  0.1534
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 21-25 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##              Sum Sq  Df   F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 14.5820   1 1251.9855 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.1085   2    4.6579   0.01076 *  
## blok         0.3049   3    8.7275 2.077e-05 ***
## blok:baan    0.5824   8    6.2502 4.624e-07 ***
## Residuals    1.9334 166                        
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   1.03 0.0139 166     1.00     1.06
##  Mixture         1.04 0.0139 166     1.01     1.07
##  Taproots        1.09 0.0139 166     1.06     1.11
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture  -0.00667 0.0197 166  -0.338  0.9389
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots -0.05509 0.0197 166  -2.796  0.0159
##  Mixture - Taproots       -0.04843 0.0197 166  -2.458  0.0396
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 26-30 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##              Sum Sq  Df  F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 14.3706   1 802.1871 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.1452   2   4.0520   0.01914 *  
## blok         0.0686   3   1.2764   0.28423    
## blok:baan    1.1935   8   8.3282 1.806e-09 ***
## Residuals    2.9738 166                       
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   1.05 0.0173 166     1.02     1.09
##  Mixture         1.08 0.0173 166     1.04     1.11
##  Taproots        1.12 0.0173 166     1.09     1.16
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture   -0.0261 0.0244 166  -1.069  0.5349
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots  -0.0689 0.0244 166  -2.819  0.0148
##  Mixture - Taproots        -0.0428 0.0244 166  -1.751  0.1896
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 31-35 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##              Sum Sq  Df  F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 16.5773   1 529.5734 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.4166   2   6.6541   0.00166 ** 
## blok         0.2247   3   2.3931   0.07034 .  
## blok:baan    1.3546   8   5.4091 4.646e-06 ***
## Residuals    5.1963 166                       
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   1.11 0.0228 166     1.07     1.16
##  Mixture         1.18 0.0228 166     1.14     1.23
##  Taproots        1.23 0.0228 166     1.19     1.28
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture   -0.0697 0.0323 166  -2.158  0.0815
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots  -0.1171 0.0323 166  -3.626  0.0011
##  Mixture - Taproots        -0.0474 0.0323 166  -1.468  0.3091
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 36-40 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##             Sum Sq  Df  F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 41.984   1 715.4242 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.004   2   0.0303 0.9701301    
## blok         2.679   3  15.2143 8.586e-09 ***
## blok:baan    1.684   8   3.5876 0.0007233 ***
## Residuals    9.742 166                       
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   1.39 0.0313 166     1.33     1.45
##  Mixture         1.40 0.0313 166     1.34     1.46
##  Taproots        1.40 0.0313 166     1.34     1.46
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                  estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture  -0.009167 0.0442 166  -0.207  0.9766
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots -0.009680 0.0442 166  -0.219  0.9739
##  Mixture - Taproots       -0.000513 0.0442 166  -0.012  0.9999
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 41-45 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##             Sum Sq  Df  F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 38.458   1 828.1409 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.024   2   0.2550    0.7752    
## blok         1.053   3   7.5551 9.082e-05 ***
## blok:baan    1.684   8   4.5335 5.254e-05 ***
## Residuals    7.709 166                       
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   1.53 0.0278 166     1.47     1.58
##  Mixture         1.53 0.0278 166     1.47     1.58
##  Taproots        1.50 0.0278 166     1.45     1.56
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture  0.000556 0.0393 166   0.014  0.9999
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots 0.024606 0.0393 166   0.625  0.8064
##  Mixture - Taproots       0.024050 0.0393 166   0.611  0.8142
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 46-50 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##              Sum Sq  Df  F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 24.3448   1 622.6271 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.5709   2   7.3011 0.0009141 ***
## blok         0.2385   3   2.0335 0.1111768    
## blok:baan    0.7520   8   2.4042 0.0176314 *  
## Residuals    6.4906 166                       
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   1.42 0.0255 166     1.37     1.47
##  Mixture         1.51 0.0255 166     1.46     1.56
##  Taproots        1.37 0.0255 166     1.32     1.42
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture   -0.0858 0.0361 166  -2.378  0.0485
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots   0.0506 0.0361 166   1.402  0.3422
##  Mixture - Taproots         0.1364 0.0361 166   3.780  0.0006
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 51-55 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##              Sum Sq  Df  F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 20.9767   1 459.0769 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    1.1284   2  12.3481 1.001e-05 ***
## blok         1.5625   3  11.3985 7.771e-07 ***
## blok:baan    3.3532   8   9.1731 2.037e-10 ***
## Residuals    7.5851 166                       
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   1.48 0.0276 166     1.42     1.53
##  Mixture         1.47 0.0276 166     1.41     1.52
##  Taproots        1.30 0.0276 166     1.25     1.36
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate    SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture   0.00944 0.039 166   0.242  0.9682
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots  0.17248 0.039 166   4.420  0.0001
##  Mixture - Taproots        0.16304 0.039 166   4.178  0.0001
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 56-60cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##             Sum Sq  Df  F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 33.895   1 723.7611 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.399   2   4.2550   0.01577 *  
## blok         0.133   3   0.9445   0.42056    
## blok:baan    3.841   8  10.2524 1.339e-11 ***
## Residuals    7.774 166                       
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   1.64 0.0279 166     1.59     1.70
##  Mixture         1.57 0.0279 166     1.52     1.63
##  Taproots        1.53 0.0279 166     1.47     1.58
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture    0.0700 0.0395 166   1.772  0.1823
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots   0.1143 0.0395 166   2.893  0.0120
##  Mixture - Taproots         0.0443 0.0395 166   1.121  0.5024
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Results per 5 cm 2021-2022

Depth 0-5 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##              Sum Sq  Df  F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept)  6.5806   1 107.0981 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.0065   2   0.0529 0.9484763    
## jaar         1.3013   1  21.1787 5.561e-06 ***
## blok         0.6503   3   3.5277 0.0150100 *  
## blok:baan    1.6839   8   3.4256 0.0007865 ***
## Residuals   25.6224 417                       
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots  0.475 0.0207 417    0.434    0.515
##  Mixture        0.481 0.0207 417    0.440    0.521
##  Taproots       0.484 0.0207 417    0.444    0.525
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture  -0.00579 0.0292 417  -0.198  0.9786
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots -0.00942 0.0292 417  -0.322  0.9443
##  Mixture - Taproots       -0.00363 0.0292 417  -0.124  0.9915
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 6-10 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##              Sum Sq  Df  F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 26.1738   1 567.5781 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.0234   2   0.2534   0.77629    
## jaar         2.4223   1  52.5280 2.800e-12 ***
## blok         1.0877   3   7.8622 4.344e-05 ***
## blok:baan    0.9118   8   2.4717   0.01289 *  
## Residuals   15.9096 345                       
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots  0.954 0.0196 345    0.915    0.992
##  Mixture        0.935 0.0196 345    0.896    0.973
##  Taproots       0.949 0.0196 345    0.910    0.987
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture   0.01903 0.0277 345   0.686  0.7716
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots  0.00497 0.0277 345   0.179  0.9824
##  Mixture - Taproots       -0.01405 0.0277 345  -0.507  0.8680
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 11-15 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##             Sum Sq  Df  F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 35.429   1 821.6958 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.883   2  10.2338 4.812e-05 ***
## jaar        12.619   1 292.6775 < 2.2e-16 ***
## blok         0.652   3   5.0399  0.001978 ** 
## blok:baan    0.818   8   2.3719  0.016960 *  
## Residuals   14.876 345                       
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean    SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   1.26 0.019 345     1.22     1.29
##  Mixture         1.15 0.019 345     1.12     1.19
##  Taproots        1.15 0.019 345     1.11     1.19
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture   0.10375 0.0268 345   3.870  0.0004
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots  0.10627 0.0268 345   3.964  0.0003
##  Mixture - Taproots        0.00252 0.0268 345   0.094  0.9952
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 16-20 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##             Sum Sq  Df  F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 37.076   1 788.9834 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.819   2   8.7164 0.0002028 ***
## jaar        32.807   1 698.1451 < 2.2e-16 ***
## blok         1.243   3   8.8183 1.198e-05 ***
## blok:baan    1.652   8   4.3948 4.475e-05 ***
## Residuals   16.212 345                       
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   1.41 0.0198 345     1.37     1.45
##  Mixture         1.29 0.0198 345     1.25     1.33
##  Taproots        1.33 0.0198 345     1.30     1.37
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate    SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture    0.1157 0.028 345   4.134  0.0001
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots   0.0720 0.028 345   2.574  0.0282
##  Mixture - Taproots        -0.0437 0.028 345  -1.560  0.2644
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 21-25 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##             Sum Sq  Df   F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 34.961   1  871.6184 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.493   2    6.1496 0.0023755 ** 
## jaar        69.867   1 1741.8604 < 2.2e-16 ***
## blok         0.723   3    6.0120 0.0005303 ***
## blok:baan    1.568   8    4.8879  9.88e-06 ***
## Residuals   13.838 345                        
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   1.54 0.0183 345     1.51     1.58
##  Mixture         1.48 0.0183 345     1.44     1.51
##  Taproots        1.46 0.0183 345     1.42     1.49
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture    0.0683 0.0259 345   2.643  0.0233
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots   0.0858 0.0259 345   3.318  0.0029
##  Mixture - Taproots         0.0175 0.0259 345   0.675  0.7782
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 26-30 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##              Sum Sq  Df   F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept)  32.418   1  545.7302 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment     0.946   2    7.9643 0.0004155 ***
## jaar        114.808   1 1932.6757 < 2.2e-16 ***
## blok          0.666   3    3.7394 0.0114292 *  
## blok:baan     2.155   8    4.5340 2.925e-05 ***
## Residuals    20.494 345                        
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   1.72 0.0222 345     1.68     1.76
##  Mixture         1.61 0.0222 345     1.57     1.66
##  Taproots        1.61 0.0222 345     1.57     1.66
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture   0.10944 0.0315 345   3.478  0.0016
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots  0.10805 0.0315 345   3.434  0.0019
##  Mixture - Taproots       -0.00139 0.0315 345  -0.044  0.9989
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 31-35 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##              Sum Sq  Df   F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept)  41.440   1  524.7402 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment     0.421   2    2.6677  0.070847 .  
## jaar        123.480   1 1563.5863 < 2.2e-16 ***
## blok          1.139   3    4.8062  0.002713 ** 
## blok:baan     1.705   8    2.6994  0.006817 ** 
## Residuals    27.246 345                        
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   1.81 0.0257 345     1.76     1.86
##  Mixture         1.73 0.0257 345     1.68     1.78
##  Taproots        1.75 0.0257 345     1.70     1.80
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture    0.0793 0.0363 345   2.186  0.0750
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots   0.0631 0.0363 345   1.739  0.1921
##  Mixture - Taproots        -0.0162 0.0363 345  -0.447  0.8959
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 36-40 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##             Sum Sq  Df   F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 76.137   1 1020.5512 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.525   2    3.5157    0.0308 *  
## jaar        92.182   1 1235.6314 < 2.2e-16 ***
## blok         3.411   3   15.2387 2.470e-09 ***
## blok:baan    2.798   8    4.6888 1.821e-05 ***
## Residuals   25.738 345                        
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   1.95 0.0249 345     1.90     2.00
##  Mixture         1.90 0.0249 345     1.85     1.95
##  Taproots        1.86 0.0249 345     1.81     1.91
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture    0.0479 0.0353 345   1.359  0.3638
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots   0.0935 0.0353 345   2.651  0.0228
##  Mixture - Taproots         0.0456 0.0353 345   1.293  0.4003
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 41-45 cm

Plots

Results

There is no significant effect of the different cover crop treatment groups on the penetration resistance.

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##             Sum Sq  Df   F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept) 76.708   1 1031.8872 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment    0.352   2    2.3682  0.095174 .  
## jaar        96.213   1 1294.2833 < 2.2e-16 ***
## blok         1.597   3    7.1610  0.000112 ***
## blok:baan    3.120   8    5.2461 3.278e-06 ***
## Residuals   25.646 345                        
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   2.08 0.0249 345     2.03     2.13
##  Mixture         2.01 0.0249 345     1.96     2.06
##  Taproots        2.01 0.0249 345     1.97     2.06
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture   0.06778 0.0352 345   1.926  0.1330
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots  0.06480 0.0352 345   1.841  0.1579
##  Mixture - Taproots       -0.00297 0.0352 345  -0.085  0.9961
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 46-50 cm

Plots

Results

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##              Sum Sq  Df   F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept)  68.310   1  845.3988 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment     0.455   2    2.8152 0.0612668 .  
## jaar        153.190   1 1895.8648 < 2.2e-16 ***
## blok          1.744   3    7.1963 0.0001068 ***
## blok:baan     3.175   8    4.9109 9.205e-06 ***
## Residuals    27.877 345                        
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   2.10 0.0259 345     2.05     2.15
##  Mixture         2.12 0.0259 345     2.06     2.17
##  Taproots        2.04 0.0259 345     1.98     2.09
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture   -0.0121 0.0367 345  -0.329  0.9420
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots   0.0686 0.0367 345   1.870  0.1489
##  Mixture - Taproots         0.0807 0.0367 345   2.200  0.0726
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 51-55 cm

Plots

Results

There is evidence of an effect of cover crop treatment on penetration resistance. Treatment A results in significant higher resistance compared to C.

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##              Sum Sq  Df   F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept)  59.063   1  505.4675 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment     1.832   2    7.8374 0.0004692 ***
## jaar        214.625   1 1836.7693 < 2.2e-16 ***
## blok          0.724   3    2.0644 0.1046680    
## blok:baan     3.447   8    3.6874 0.0003803 ***
## Residuals    40.313 345                        
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   2.21 0.0312 345     2.14     2.27
##  Mixture         2.26 0.0312 345     2.20     2.32
##  Taproots        2.09 0.0312 345     2.03     2.15
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture   -0.0569 0.0441 345  -1.290  0.4016
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots   0.1146 0.0441 345   2.596  0.0265
##  Mixture - Taproots         0.1715 0.0441 345   3.887  0.0004
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates

Depth 56-60cm

Plots

Results

There is strong evidence of an effect of cover crop treatment on penetration resistance. Treatment of mixture results in significant higher resistance compared to fibrous or taproots.

## Anova Table (Type III tests)
## 
## Response: druk
##              Sum Sq  Df   F value    Pr(>F)    
## (Intercept)  85.277   1  529.1064 < 2.2e-16 ***
## treatment     2.050   2    6.3597 0.0019395 ** 
## jaar        285.794   1 1773.2155 < 2.2e-16 ***
## blok          3.000   3    6.2053 0.0004082 ***
## blok:baan     2.788   8    2.1625 0.0298369 *  
## Residuals    55.605 345                        
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  treatment     emmean     SE  df lower.CL upper.CL
##  Fibrous roots   2.48 0.0366 345     2.40     2.55
##  Mixture         2.56 0.0366 345     2.49     2.63
##  Taproots        2.38 0.0366 345     2.30     2.45
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## Confidence level used: 0.95 
##  contrast                 estimate     SE  df t.ratio p.value
##  Fibrous roots - Mixture   -0.0850 0.0518 345  -1.640  0.2303
##  Fibrous roots - Taproots   0.0996 0.0518 345   1.923  0.1338
##  Mixture - Taproots         0.1846 0.0518 345   3.563  0.0012
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: jaar, baan, blok 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates