# BECA-S7 dataset

The BECA-S7 dataset contains data from 26 participants who were given programmable
smartwatches to see how quick they would respond to a smartwatch alarm.

## Authors

Roelof G. Hup, Myrthe A. Plaisier, Tobias A. Machiavello, Sophie L.M. van Spreuwel

## Data acquisition

The data were collected during a human study with 26 participants: 15 in a ‘young’ (21-27
years, 12 male) and 11 in a ‘old’ (56-65 year, 5 male). All participants were instructed 
to wear a LilyGo T-Watch 2020 V3 programmable smartwatch between 12 PM and 10 PM and to 
cancel any alarm produced by the watch as quickly as possible by tapping its screen. The 
smartwatch recorded the response time from alarm onset to cancellation.

Prior to the experiment, the participants were informed that in real situations, the 
smartwatch would alert emergency medical services if an alarm was not cancelled in time. 
Further incentives included extra monetary compensation (€5) for the two fastest 
participants in each age group on top of base compensation (€12-€15). Nevertheless, we 
insisted on prioritizing safety over speed.

During each trial, the watch produced 9-18 alarms on a predefined schedule. Before 
triggering, the watch checked for 10 seconds of motionlessness within 10 minutes using its
accelerometer, as motionlessness was expected to be an indicator considered by OHCA 
detection algorithms. If no motionlessness could be detected, the scheduled alarm was 
excluded from analysis. Furthermore, if an alarm was not cancelled within 60 seconds, the 
alarm would cease and be marked as censored.

Three alarm types were randomly scheduled:
- Auditory:     4 beeps (at 2050 and 4100 Hz) of 60 ms with pauses of 60 ms, followed by
                580 ms of silence.
- Tactile:      3 vibration pulses (at 60 Hz) of 500 ms followed by an 800 ms pulse, with
                pauses of 400 ms.
- Audiotactile: Combination of auditory and tactile alarms.
During all alarms, the display blinked (500 ms on, 500 ms off). The watches produced 139
auditory, 144 tactile, and 142 audiotactile alarms, yielding a total of 425 alarms.

Furthermore, participants were requested to keep a diary of their activities at the time 
of an alarm. With limited compliance to this instruction, not every activity could be 
matched to a smartwatch alarm or vice versa.

## Files and column headings

participants.csv
	participantID:   the unique identifier assigned to each participant (integer number)
	sex:             the sex of the participant (Male/Female)
	age:             the age of the participant at time of participation (integer number)
	
response_times.csv
	alarmID: the unique identifier assigned to each smartwatch alarm (integer number)
	participantID:   the identifier of the participant wearing the watch (integer number), 
	                 corresponding to participantID in participants.csv
	time:            time of day at which the alarm started (HH:MM:SS)
	no_movement:     whether the participant moved at the time the alarm was produced
	                 (true/false)
	alarm_type:      the type of alarm that was produced (auditory/tactile/audiotactile)
	alarm_cancelled: whether the participant actively cancelled the alarm within 60 
	                 seconds and the alarm was not turned off automatically due to a 
	                 time-out (true/false)
	response_time:   time between the start of an alarm and the participant cancelling the 
	                 alarm by touching the screen (seconds)
	
activities.csv
	reportID:        the unique identifier assigned to each reported activity (integer
	                 number)
	participantID:   the identifier of the participant wearing the watch and reporting the
	                 activity (integer number), corresponding to participantID in
	                 participants.csv
	time:            time of day at which the activity was reported (HH:MM:SS)
	activity:        the category of activity reported
	alarmID:         if able to be matched with a smartwatch alarm, the identifier of the
	                 alarm, corresponding to the alarmID in response_times.csv

## Funding

The BECA project is financed by the PPP Allowance made available by Top Sector Life
Sciences & Health to the Dutch Heart Foundation to stimulate public-private partnerships, 
grant number 01-003-2021-B005, and by Philips Electronics Nederland B.V.

## Ethics declaration

This study was performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines, 
including the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval of the study was obtained from the Ethical
Review Board of the Human Technology Interaction group at Eindhoven University of 
Technology (ref. 1906). The privacy rights of the participants have been observed, and 
written informed consent was obtained from each participant.

## License

This dataset is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. 
To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
