### A Ground Penetrating Radar dataset with ground-truthing from real-life utility surveying activities in the Netherlands

This dataset presents a comprehensive collection of subsurface utility surveying data acquired through Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) across thirteen construction sites in the Netherlands. Its primary aim is to offer scholars a diverse and valuable set of radargrams gathered under varying geophysical and infrastructural conditions, complemented by ground-truth information derived from trial trenches. The dataset comprises 125 surveying activities, each providing radargrams of the respective site, ground-truth information obtained through trial trenches, and a list of geophysical and infrastructural features. With this ground-truth dataset, researchers gain a resource to further explore and analyze GPR as a utility surveying method.

### Included in this dataset

* README.txt: This file.
* Metadata.csv: Metadata for each surveying activity describing the conditions in which the surveying took place. 
* Codebook.pdf: Codebook describing each feature of the metadata. 
* 01.zip: Radargrams (.sgy), survey map (.png) and ground-truth (.png) for project #1.
* 02.zip: Radargrams (.sgy), survey map (.png) and ground-truth (.png) for project #2.
* 03.zip: Radargrams (.sgy), survey map (.png) and ground-truth (.png) for project #3.
* 04.zip: Radargrams (.sgy), survey map (.png) and ground-truth (.png) for project #4.
* 05.zip: Radargrams (.sgy), survey map (.png) and ground-truth (.png) for project #5.
* 06.zip: Radargrams (.sgy), survey map (.png) and ground-truth (.png) for project #6.
* 07.zip: Radargrams (.sgy), survey map (.png) and ground-truth (.png) for project #7.
* 08.zip: Radargrams (.sgy), survey map (.png) and ground-truth (.png) for project #8.
* 09.zip: Radargrams (.sgy), survey map (.png) and ground-truth (.png) for project #9.
* 010.zip: Radargrams (.sgy), survey map (.png) and ground-truth (.png) for project #10.
* 011.zip: Radargrams (.sgy), survey map (.png) and ground-truth (.png) for project #11.
* 012.zip: Radargrams (.sgy), survey map (.png) and ground-truth (.png) for project #12.
* 013.zip: Radargrams (.sgy), survey map (.png) and ground-truth (.png) for project #13.

### Data collection methodology

Measurements were collected using a GPR with a 500MHz antenna and a GNSS SP80 GPS receiver for geodetic location recording in three axes (x, y, z). The GPR antenna is positioned a few centimetres above the surface due to its air-launched design, resulting in an 'airgap' effect visible in the radargrams. The GPR has a measuring wheel encoder mechanism that transmits data only when the wheels are in motion. The survey maintains a trace spacing of 0.02 meters with 512 samples per trace and a 50 ns time range. A Panasonic ToughPad FZ-G1 tablet with specialized software controls the GPR via Bluetooth.

GPR measurements are conducted where trial trenches are planned by construction organizations. Survey lines are generally oriented perpendicular to utilities. Multiple survey lines are walked for each activity. Survey lines range from 2 to 26 per activity, generally spaced 1 meter apart. The GPR device is moved in separate or continuous traces in a zigzag pattern depending on space availability. The radargrams are collected in the SEG-Y format. The SEG-Y files are unprocessed and directly imported from the GPR device.