Dataset belonging to the article: Zhu, C., Klapwijk, R., Silva-Ordaz, M., Spandaw, J., & de Vries, M. J. (2023). Cognitive and embodied mapping of data: an examination of children’s spatial thinking in data physicalization. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 8, p. 1308117). Frontiers Media SA.
Contact author: Caiwei Zhu (c.zhu-1@tudelft.nl)

Data were collected from two classrooms in 2023, where a Design & Technology teacher led two data physicalization sessions with 37 pupils aged 11 to 12.

The pupils were instructed to make creative and easy-to-understand data physicalizations based on their selected data tables, related to one of the following types of data: (1) The percentages (by weight) of five different waste categories produced at their school in 2020; (2) The percentages (by weight) of five different waste categories generated in their native countries, sourced from the World Bank database (2018); (3)The amount (by weight) of solid waste produced per capita in 23 different countries, also sourced from the World Bank database (2018); choose five countries to represent. Pupils were free to choose to work in pairs or individually as they usually do in their design units. On average, pupils from both classes had 15 min to read data tables, develop initial ideas, and select crafting materials. They then dedicated around 40 min to making the tangible, visual representations of data. The activity concluded with a 15-min session where pupils presented their data physicalization artifacts to the class. During class, the researchers occasionally asked open-ended questions to children for clarification on their ideas or their making process.

Images of 23 photographed and anonymized data physicalization artifacts can be found in "Data physicalization artifacts.pdf". The learning and making processes have also been documented through cameras and audio recording pans. A total of 6 hours and 18 minutes of video and audio data were recorded, with a focus on their data physicalization making processes. Its transcription can be found in the file "Anonymized video & audio transcription.docx". It is recommended to interpret the transcribed verbal communications among pupils along with their data physicalization artifacts. 

As we also reported inter-rater reliability in our article, we included documents "Inter-rater coding reliability.xlsx" and "Code examination instruction for inter-rater reliability.docx" to be transparent about how the coders were trained to code a small portion of randomly selected transcriptions and the level of consensus achieved on how the codes were assigned. 

Reference:
The World Bank. (2018). What a waste global database. Data catalog. Available at: https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0039597 (Accessed January 23, 2023)

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