*** Carbon storage and distribution in terrestrial ecosystems of Canada *** Authors: C. Sothe,1* A. Gonsamo,1 J. Arabian,2 J. Snider2 1School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 2World Wildlife Fund Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Corresponding author: Camile Sothe (sothec@mcmaster.ca) ***General Introduction*** This dataset contains maps with the spatial distribuion of soil carbon concentration in Canada. It is being made public to act as supplementary data for the publication 'Large scale mapping of soil organic carbon concentration with 3D machine learning and satellite observations', published in Geoderma: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115402 The maps were produced in the Remote Sensing Lab, McMaster University, between January and December 2020. This research project was made possible by a grant from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF)- Canada ***Purpose of the project*** This project aimed to produce the first wall-to-wall estimate of carbon stocks in plants and soils of Canada at 250 m spatial resolution using multisource satellite, climate and topographic data and a machine-learning algorithm. The soil organic carbon concentration maps are the intermediate products to generate the soil organic carbon stock map in kg/m2. ***Methods*** To generate the soil carbon concentration maps, we used 6,533 ground soil samples, long-term climate data, multisource remote sensing data, topografic information, soil type, depth, and a 3D random forest regression model. ***Description of the data*** -250m spatial resolution -WGS-84 projection -Area= 8.4 million km² -Units= g/kg -0cm, 5cm, 15cm, 30cm, 60cm, 100cm soil depths